What term describes an effort to improve poor conditions?

The term that refers to an effort to improve poor conditions is "ameliorate." This word specifically embodies the concept of making something better or enhancing a situation that is deemed unsatisfactory. When one seeks to ameliorate, they are actively engaged in changing negative circumstances into more positive ones, whether that's in a social, environmental, or personal context.

In contrast, the other options suggest a lack of improvement. "Neglect" implies ignoring a situation, which can lead to worsening conditions. "Deteriorate" means to worsen or decline in quality, highlighting an opposite action of improvement. "Aggravate" indicates making a situation worse or more severe, particularly in terms of difficulties or problems. Each of these alternatives lacks the proactive and positive connotation that "ameliorate" conveys, which is why it stands out as the correct choice in this context.